The CCDA certification indicates an apprentice knowledge of Cisco network design. Individuals who have earned a CCDA are capable of designing switched or routed networks consisting of LANs, WANs, and various dial services. While a CCNA certification is not required to take the CCDA exam (640-863 DESGN), Cisco recommends being familiar with CCNA material.
This exam indicates a foundation or apprentice knowledge of network design for the Cisco converged networks based on SONA (Cisco's Service-Oriented Network Architecture). CCDA certified professionals can design routed and switched network infrastructures and services involving LAN, WAN, and broadband access for businesses and organizations.
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4. To match the current real test, the technical team from Certay will update the Questions and Answers for any changes in time, and also we are always accepting the feedbacks about this exam from our users, in specialty, we will mend the exam pool with the suggestions from those users who got full scores in this exam, so to perfect Certay 640-863 to make it always have the best quality!
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Want to become a CCNP? There are six steps to help you becoming a CCNP (Cisco Certified Network Professional) and increasing your chances of capturing the right job and joining network support personnel.
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Cisco 642-812 Exam is the associated certifications of CCNP CCIP and CCDP.It's full name is BCMSN - Building Converged Cisco Multilayer Switched Networks : 642-812.
The Building Converged Cisco Multilayer Switched Networks (BCMSN 642-812) is a qualifying exam for the Cisco Certified Network Professional CCNP and the Cisco Certified Design Professional CCDP certifications. The BCMSN 642-812 exam will certify that the successful candidate has important knowledge and skills necessary to implement scalable multilayer switched networks. The exam includes topics on Campus Networks, describing and implementing advanced Spanning Tree concepts, VLANs and Inter-VLAN routing, High Availability, Wireless Client Access, Access Layer Voice concepts, and minimizing service Loss and Data Theft in a Campus Network.
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To match the current real test, the technical team from Certay will update the Questions and Answers for any changes in time, and also we are always accepting the feedbacks about this exam from our users, in specialty, we will mend the exam pool with the suggestions from those users who got full scores in this exam, so to perfect Certay 642-812 exam to make it always have the best quality!
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David: "My brother is about to face the 642-901. He felt kind of confy two weeks ago, but now he′ve heard about so many people failing, that he′ll be preparing a litte more before diving in.
To prepare he took the Boson training last week with the new courseware and thought it was preety good, however he is still trying to get some decent test simulation software(Boson′s still 801 -oriented and the router simulator simply doesn′t do a good job). He also got the new BSCI book which seems superior to the previous one, at least in the chapters that he reviewed. Anyone knows anything about an updated software? All other comments on the 642-901 exam are welcome too."
Exam Description: The Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI 642-901) is a qualifying exam for the Cisco Certified Network Professional CCNP?, Cisco Certified Design Professional CCDP?, and Cisco Certified Internetwork Professional CCIP? certifications. The BSCI 642-901 exam will certify that the successful candidate has important knowledge and skills necessary to use advanced IP addressing and routing in implementing scalability for Cisco ISR routers connected to LANs and WANs. The exam covers topics on Advanced IP Addressing, Routing Principles, Multicast Routing, IPv6, Manipulating Routing Updates, Configuring basic BGP, Configuring EIGRP, OSPF, and IS-IS.
With the new and updated exams its hard to recommend stuff -- the "old" stuff may have been good, but no idea about the "updated stuff."
For the Old CCNP I used the Cisco Press Flash Cards and Practice Exams -- and thought success on the practice questions did indicate possible future success on the real exams. Plus I like the "reference sheets" that were PDF files on the CD (which sound like they may be available separately now from Cisco Press). Not sure if the updated Flash Cards/Practice Exams are available.
Boson does the test engine for the Flash Cards and for the Practice Exams that come with the Cisco Press books. In the past they had different "exam sets" you could buy if you needed more practice (or another evaluation of real exam readiness).Certay is the online Certification Expert, which provide testking and pass4sure the real questions and correct answers since 2001.
Practice materials for IT professionals looking for certification in CCNA, CCNP, CCDP, MCSE, MCDBA, MCSD, MCSA, MCP, CIW, ORACLE, Security+ and A+.
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Serum is a complex mix of albumins, growth factors and growth inhibitors and is probably one of the most important components of cell culture medium. The most commonly used serum is fetal bovine serum. Other types of serum are available including newborn calf serum and horse serum. The quality, type and concentration of serum can all affect the growth of cells and it is therefore important to screen batches of serum for their ability to support the growth of cells(take especial care of 96 well plate). In addition there are other tests that may be used to aid the selection of a batch of serum including cloning efficiency, plating efficiency and the preservation of cell characteristics.
Fetal bovine serum (FBS) has been used to prepare a number of biological and has an excellent record of safety. The recognition of Bovine spongiform encepalopathy (BSE) in 1986 and its subsequent spread into continental Europe along side the announcement of the probable link between BSE and a new variant of Creutzfeldt Jacob disease in Humans, stimulated an increased concern about safe sourcing of all bovine materials. In 1993 the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) "recommended against the use of bovine derived materials from cattle which have resided in, or originated from countries where BSE has been diagnosed. The current (European Union) EU guidelines on viral safety focus on sourcing, testing and paying particular attention to the potential risk of cross contamination during slaughtering or collection of the starting tissue. As far as BSE is concerned, the EU guidelines on minimizing the risk of BSE transmission via medicinal products, CPMP/BWP/877/96, recommends the main measures to be implemented in order to establish the safety of bovine material versus the BSE risk. Again, similarly the focus is on geographical origin, the age of the animals, the breeding and slaughtering conditions, the tissue to be used and the conditions of its processing.
The use of FBS in production processes of medicinal products is acceptable provided good documentation on sourcing, age of the animals and testing for the absence of adventitious agents is submitted. All responsible suppliers of FBS for bio-pharmaceutical applications will provide such documentation.
Recent regulatory requirements in Europe stress the importance of justifying the use of material of bovine, caprine or ovine origin in the production of pharmaceutical products. Thus, although FBS has been used for many years in the production process of many medicinal products such as viral vaccines , recombinant DNA products and ELISA Plate, at present there is a justified trend to remove all material of animal origin from manufacturing processes. Sigma-Aldrich has recognized this growing trend and works closely with customers to optimize animal free media formulations to meet each customers cell culture requirements.
Similarly the FDA has similar guidelines when accepting regulatory submissions. The FDA regulates all medicinal products for Human use, such as therapeutics, vaccines ,diagnostics and Cell Culture Plates, and, usually, the United States Department Agriculture (USDA) are not involved.
CCNP certification validates a network professional's ability to install, configure and troubleshoot converged local and wide area networks with 100 to 500 or more nodes. Network Professionals who achieve the CCNP have demonstrated the knowledge and skills required to manage the routers and switches that form the network core, as well as edge applications that integrate voice, wireless, and security into the network.
The Optimizing Converged Cisco Networks (642-845 ONT) is a qualifying exam for the Cisco Certified Network Professional CCNP?. The ONT 642-845 exam will certify that the successful candidate has important knowledge and skills in optimizing and providing effective QOS techniques for converged networks. The exam topics include implementing a VOIP network, implementing QoS on converged networks, specific IP QoS mechanisms for implementing the DiffServ QoS model, AutoQoS, wireless security and basic wireless management.
Exam 642-845: Optimizing Converged Cisco Networks (ONT)
Related Certifications: CCNP
Exam Topics Include:
1. Describe Cisco VoIP implementations.
2. Describe QoS considerations and strategies.
3. Implement Cisco Auto QoS.
4. Describe DiffServ QoS implementations.
5. Implement Cisco device hardening using Cisco security features
6. Describe and Implement WLAN security and management.
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The Microsoft 2003 Server Exam, 70-291, is one of the core exams of the MCSE and MCSA certification tracks. The exam tests a candidate's knowledge of Windows 2003 networking environments and how to implement a successful Windows Server 2003 network in either existing Windows environments or on totally new networks. The exam features simulation and analysis questions that require the candidate to have a thorough working knowledge of the Windows Server 2003 operating system and the way that a Windows 2003 network operates.
About The Microsoft 2003 Server ExamThe Microsoft Certified Systems Administrator (MCSA) on Windows Server 2003 credential is intended for IT professionals who work in the typically complex computing environment of medium to large companies. An MCSA candidate should have 6 to 12 months of experience administering client and network operating systems in environments that have the following characteristics:
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This article provides helpful information for you to prepare for Cisco exam 350-001, the CCIE Written exam. The CCIE (Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert) certification has historically been the most valued in the area of networking. There are two steps to achieve this valued certification:
I've compiled a list of study suggestions for 350-001 that you might find useful:
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The Microsoft 2003 Server Exam, 70-290, is one of the core exams of the MCSE, MCSA, and even the MCDBA (Database Administration) certification tracks. The exam is designed to test a candidates knowledge of managing a Windows Server 2003 environment. It also tests the candidate ability to configure Windows Server 2003 to work with key Windows features and operate efficiently over a Windows network.
We know,this exam costs $125 each attempt.So, you should do your best to pass the MCDBA 70-290 exam.
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To match the current real test, the technical team from Certay will update the Questions and Answers for any changes in time, and also we are always accepting the feedbacks about this exam from our users, in specialty, we will mend the exam pool with the suggestions from those users who got full scores in this exam, so to perfect Certay 70-290 to make it always have the best quality!
Certay offers free demo for 70-290 exam (MCDBA - Implementing Secure Converged Wide Area Networks). You can check out the interface, question quality and usability of our practice exams before you decide to buy it. We are the only one site can offer demo for almost all products.
Certay is the online Certification Expert, which provide testking and pass4sure the real questions and correct answers since 2001.
Want to start getting into routers etc so looking at doing some cisco stuff? Think you need to start on the CCNA? but dont really know where or know of any real books that can teach you this from scratch? Here is a guideline for the Cisco newbies to start on the CCNA.
Q: Looking at doing some cisco stuff?
A: Cisco's Career Certifications & Paths information can be found here.
Cisco also has a CCNA Prep Center -- it might impress you, or it might scare you away -- but worth a look to get an idea of what Cisco makes available.
Only one comment on the prepCenter. When watching the flash, dont take their word when they say that linux is an operating system. One who says that linux is an OS, states that his knowledge of operating systems converging to zero (especially linux based).
Q: Don't really know where or know of any real books that can teach you this from scratch.
A: The books you'll hear the most about around here are:
Sybex - Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide -- by Todd Lammle. Should be on the 5th edition. Great for learning subnetting. Missing some info, but there are one or two new update chapters available for download.
Cisco Press - The CCNA 640-802 books by Wendell Odom. Probably the CCNA Official Exam Certification Library.
You can check out all the Cisco Press Books (and the link to the simulator) at the Cisco Press Web site.
Hands-on practice is important.... but you can get by with the simulator for the CCNA.
Q: Are the exams expensive?
A: The CCNA 640-802 exam is $125.
There is also the 2 exam option (INTRO and ICND). There should be link at the CCNP Prep Center that explains it. I think those are $100 each.
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That should be enough links to keep you busy for the rest of the night.
Source: TechExams
Large numbers of cell lines look identical. Cell lines with very different origins and biological characteristics typically cannot be separated on grounds of morphology or culture characteristics. Infection or contamination of a cell line with an adventitious virus or mycoplasma may significantly change the characteristics of the cells but again such contamination will be inapparent. Cell lines will also change with time in culture(even in glass bottom dishes/elisa plate), and to add to all these natural hazards it is all too easy to mis-label or cross-contaminate different cell lines in a busy cell culture laboratory.
The opportunities for inadvertently introducing error into a cell line are limitless and ever present. It is in the nature of the science that, once introduced, an error will be propagated, compounded, consolidated and disseminated.
The integrity and biological characteristics of a cell line have to be actively maintained by a well-organized system of husbandry based on systematic cell banking supported by testing regimens in a structured quality assured environment. Such a controlled environment will only prevail in a dedicated professionally organized cell culture laboratory or cell bank. A small research laboratory with a high throughput of short-term research students, a minimum of permanent laboratory staff and no formal quality management program will find it difficult to maintain its cell lines unchanged over many years.
For all these reasons it is strongly recommended that new cell lines should only be acquired from a specialist, reputable culture collection such as ECACC. Moreover, if a laboratory believes it already has a certain cell line in its liquid nitrogen store, the identity and purity of such a cell line should be questioned in the absence of a well-recorded culture history and recent test data. If there is a doubt, it is straightforward and cost effective to replace such cell stocks with authenticated material from a Culture Collection.
When a Cell Culture Collection accessions a new cell line it will characterize the cell line using techniques such as isoenzyme analysis and DNA profiling so that the identity of the cell line can subsequently be verified. The Collection will then establish a hierarchy of Master and Working cell banks, cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen, that are demonstrated free from microbial contamination including mycoplasma. Customers are supplied from these authenticated Working Cell Banks (WCB). Replacement WCB's are manufactured from the original Master Cell Bank (MCB) and the new WCB will again be fully tested.
ECACC supplies its cell lines together with advice on how to maintain the line. A Technical Support team will subsequently assist with any difficulties and can often provide additional technical information about the cell line. Culture Collections exist to ensure that animal cell research is conducted using standardized, authenticated material that ensures the work can be reproduced(such as Glass Bottom Cell Culture Dishes, 96 well plate etc). An authenticated cell line of known provenance is the very "bed rock" of any cell based project.
Source: ECACC Handbook-SIGMA
Disinfection
Methods designed for the disinfection/decontamination of culture waste, work surfaces and equipment represent important means for minimizing the risk of harm.
The major disinfectants fall into four groups and their relative merits can be summarized as follows:
Hypochlorites (e.g. Chloros, Presept)
Phenolics (e.g. Sudol, Hycolin)
Alcohol (e.g. ethanol, isopropanol)
Aldehydes (e.g. glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde)
Waste Disposal
Any employer has a duty of care to dispose of all biological waste safely in accordance with national legislative requirements. Given below is a list of ways in which tissue culture waste can be decontaminated and disposed of safely(especially the solid waste, such as flasks, centrifuge tubes, contaminated golves etc). One of the most important aspects of the management of all laboratory-generated waste is to dispose of waste regularly and not to allow the amounts to build up. The best approach is little and often. Different forms of waste require different treatment.
Source: Sigma-Aldrich
The main aim of risk assessment is to prevent injury, protect property and avoid harm to individuals and the environment. The performance of risk assessment is a legal requirement under the Health and Safety at Work Act, UK. There are other EC directives covering Health and Safety at Work, you can visit the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work website www.europe.osha.eu.int for information on legislation and standards, or you should contact your on-site representative. Consequently risk assessments must be undertaken prior to starting any activity. The assessment consists of 2 elements:
For animal cell culture the level of risk is dependent upon the cell line to be used and is based on whether the cell line is likely to cause harm to humans. The different classifications are given below:
Low risk*Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens (1985) Categorization of Biological Agents According to Hazard and Categories of Containment, 4th edition, HSE books, Sudbury, UK
A culture collection, such as ECACC will recommend a minimum the containment level required for a given cell line based upon its risk assessment. For most cell lines the appropriate level of containment is Category 2. However, this may need to be increased to Category 3 depending upon the type of manipulations to be carried out and whether large culture volumes are envisaged. For cell lines derived from patients with HIV or HTLV Category 3 containment is required.
Containment is the most obvious means of reducing risk. Other less obvious measures include restricting the movement of staff and equipment into and out of laboratories, especially the Cell Culture Dish(35mm Cell Culture Dish, 60mm Cell Culture Dish, 100mm Cell Culture Dish). Good laboratory practice and good bench techniques such as ensuring work areas are uncluttered, reagents are correctly labeled and stored, are also important for reducing risk and making the laboratory a safe environment in which to work. Staff training and the use of written standard operating procedures and risk assessments will also reduce the potential for harm. Training courses covering the basics of tissue culture safety are offered by ECACC.
Source: ECACC Handbook
Adherent cell lines will grow in vitro until they have covered the surface area available or the medium is depleted of nutrients. At this point the cell lines should be sub-cultured in order to prevent the culture dying. To subculture the cells they need to be brought into suspension. The degree of adhesion varies from cell line to cell line but in the majority of cases proteases, e.g. trypsin, are used to release the cells from the flask. However, this may not be appropriate for some lines where exposure to proteases is harmful or where the enzymes used remove membrane markers/receptors of interest. In these cases cells should be brought into suspension into a small volume of medium mechanically with the aid of cell scrapers.
Schematic diagram of "Subculture of Adherent Cell Lines"
Materials
Equipment
Procedure
Key Points
Source: Sigmaaldrich